Zeros and Division

Tanya and Frank were studying their division facts. They began with 18 ÷ 3.

Frank wrote, “18 ÷ 3 = 7.”

Tanya wrote, “18 ÷ 3 = 6.”

She said, “One of us must be wrong. There can't be two different answers to the same division problem.”

Mrs. Dewey said, “That's right, Tanya. Each division problem has a unique solution. That means that each division problem has only one correct answer. Work together to find the correct answer. Try using fact families.

  1. Write the fact family for 18 ÷ 3.  Who is correct, Tanya or Frank?
Tanya said, “To find the answer to 18 ÷ 3, I look for the only number that you can multiply times 3 to get 18. Since 3 6 = 18, then 18 ÷ 3 = 6.”

Tanya wrote: 18 ÷ 3 = ?         3 ? = 18

3 6 = 18, so 18 ÷ 3 = 6

“That's good thinking,” said Mrs. Dewey. “Let's use your reasoning to think about division and zero. Find 0 ÷ 24.”

Tanya replied, “To find 0 ÷ 24, I find the only number that you can multiply by 24 and get 0. Since any number times zero is zero, 24 0 = 0 and 0 ÷ 24 = 0.”

Tanya wrote: 0 ÷ 24 = ?         24 ? = 0

0 24 = 0, so 0 ÷ 24 = 0

  1. Use Tanya's reasoning to find 0 ÷ 5.
Mrs. Dewey said, “Tanya, now try 24 ÷ 0.”

Tanya began, “To find 24 ÷ 0, I find the number that you can multiply by 0 and get 24. But, no number makes the number sentence 0 ? = 24 true. What do I do?

“Since there is no solution for 0 ? = 24, we say that 24 ÷ 0 is undefined. In fact, if you use your reasoning with any number divided by zero, you will find the same thing. So, mathematicians say that division by zero is undefined.”

  1. Use Tanya's reasoning to find 5 ÷ 0.