Assessment in this unit
Key Ideas, Expectations, and Opportunities
Using Assessment to Meet Individual Needs
The explicit Expectations and assessment tasks in this unit describe what it means to “get it.” Providing feedback on these Expectations helps identify students who need to access the content another way, need further practice opportunities, or are ready to extend or deepen their understanding of a concept. Instructional opportunities that help support the varied needs of students also need to be identified. These opportunities provide models that can be replicated or used multiple times, and can be used in a variety of settings (e.g., home, transitions, support classroom, as a center).
The Assessment Program serves the
following purposes:
- It provides information to teachers about what students know and can do. This information is used to guide instruction. An activity may help teachers answer questions about whole-class instruction: What do I do next? In the next minute? Next lesson? Next class? Next unit? Other assessments may help teachers decide how to support individual students, including those who struggle with a concept and those who are ready to be challenged.
- It communicates the goals of instruction to parents and students. What teachers choose to assess communicates to the class what they value. For example, if teachers want students to work hard at communicating problem-solving strategies, then it is important to assess mathematical communication.
- It provides feedback to students and parents about student progress. This includes teacher evaluation of student progress as well as students' assessment of their own progress.
Key Mathematical Ideas
The mathematical content in Math Trailblazers is organized around a set of Key Ideas. These Key Ideas are based on the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Standards for the grade band as well as current thinking in the mathematics education community, e.g., Charles (2005), NCTM (2000), Van de Walle (2006). There is a set of Key Ideas for each content strand: Number, Algebra, Geometry, Measurement, and Data. They are based on “big ideas” in mathematics and describe what students should be able to do within each strand. The Key Ideas are shown in the table in Figure 1.
| 1. Number Sense: Understand the base-ten number system, recognize relationships among quantities and numbers, and represent numbers in multiple ways. |
2. Operations: Understand the meaning of numerical operations and their application for solving problems. |
3. Computation and Estimation: Use efficient and flexible procedures to compute accurately and make reasonable estimates. |
|
| 1. Identifying Patterns: Identify and describe patterns and relationships, including how a change in one variable relates to a change in a second variable. |
2. Tables and Graphs: Represent patterns and relationships with graphs, tables, and diagrams. |
3. Symbols: Represent patterns and relationships with symbols (includes using variables in formulas and as unknowns in equations). |
4. Using Patterns: Apply relationships, properties, and patterns to solve problems, develop generalizations, or make predictions. |
| 1. Shapes: Identify, describe, classify, and analyze 2- and 3-dimensional shapes based on their properties. |
2. Orientation and Location: Use coordinate systems to specify locations and describe spatial relationships. |
3. Motion: Apply transformations (slides, flips, and turns) and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations. |
4. Geometric Reasoning: Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems. |
| 1. Measurement Concepts: Understand measurable attributes of objects or situations (length, area, mass, volume, size, time) and the units, systems, and processes of measurement. |
2. Measurement Skills: Use measurement tools, appropriate techniques, and formulas to determine measurements. |
| 1. Data Collection: Select, collect, and organize data to answer questions, solve problems, and make predictions. |
2. Data Representation: Select and create appropriate representations, including tables and graphs, for organizing, displaying, and analyzing data. |
3. Data Description: Describe a data set by interpreting graphs, identifying patterns, and using statistical measures, e.g., average and range. |
4. Using Data: Apply relationships and patterns in data to solve problems, develop generalizations, and make predictions. |
Figure 1: Key Ideas for Math Trailblazers (Key Ideas addressed in Unit 2 are shaded.)
Expectations
To monitor students' growth across and within grades, there are a set of Expectations that describe what students are “expected” to do within each content strand. Expectations show the growth of the mathematical content within the Key Ideas for each strand.
| EXPECTATIONS |
|
Use this list of expectations to assess students on the key concepts and skills in this unit. |
| E1 |
Make predictions and generalizations using tables and graphs. (Algebra 4) |
| E2* |
Represent strategies for solving addition and subtraction problems using number lines, diagrams, and number sentences. |
| E3 |
Identify patterns in sums and differences. (Algebra 4) |
| E4* |
Recognize that the equal sign represents the relationship between two equal quantities. (Algebra 3) |
| E5* |
Use strategies that apply the properties of addition to solve addition and subtraction problems (e.g., making tens, using tens, thinking addition, using doubles). (Algebra 4) |
| E6* |
Use mental math strategies including using tens and thinking addition to solve the subtraction facts in Groups 1 and 2. |
| E7* |
Determine the unknown number in an addition or subtraction sentence relating three whole numbers for the facts in Groups 1 and 2. (Algebra 3) |
Targeted Practice
This unit provides opportunities for additional targeted practice for some of the Expectations. See the chart in Figure 3 and the descriptions that follow. These opportunities connect directly to assessment tasks so the practice can be tailored to the current level of student progress.
- For students who are struggling with the Expectation, practice is targeted toward the foundational concepts and skills involved and often provides a different way to access the content.
- For students who are making significant progress toward the Expectation, practice is designed to help move toward proficiency and autonomy.
- For students who are already meeting the Expectation, opportunities are provided to deepen or extend understanding.
| Expectation |
Opportunity for Targeted Practice |
| E2. |
Represent strategies for solving addition and subtraction problems using number lines, diagrams, and number sentences. |
|
| E5. |
Use strategies that apply the properties of addition to solve addition and subtraction problems (e.g., making tens, using tens, thinking addition, using doubles). |
|
| E6. |
Use mental math strategies including using tens and thinking addition to solve the subtraction facts in Groups 1 and 2. |
|
| E7. |
Determine the unknown number in an addition or subtraction sentence relating three whole numbers for the facts in Groups 1 and 2. |
|
Figure 3: Expectations for Unit 2 with opportunities for targeted practice
Workshop
Much of the targeted practice in this unit is in Lesson 7 Workshop: Reasoning from Known Facts. This Workshop lesson provides a menu of targeted practice activites that revisit key concepts and skills developed earlier in this unit. Based on students' self-assessment of their confidence with a selection of Expectations, students select activites from a Workshop Menu. See Figure 4. Teacher guidance can help students find the appropriate level of practice based on evidence from earlier assessment tasks.
Figure 4: Reasoning from Known Facts Workshop Menu from Lesson 7
Games
There is one game in this unit that can be used to provide targeted practice. Games can be played in a center, as part of class transitions, in another setting, or at home.
Practice Menu
There is also a Practice Menu in Lesson 7 on the Kim's and Suzanne's Marbles pages in the Student Activity Book. Students choose practice based on their ability to use the facts they know to solve subtraction problems.
) on the Unit 2 Key Assessment Opportunities Chart. See Figure 2. In this unit, students will also get better acquainted with the Math Practices Expectations by discussing them in the context of a specific problem, receiving feedback, reviewing a peer's work, and revising their own work.